Brief History About Cricket

Cricket

Cricket is a bat-and-ball game performed between two groups of 11 players on a field, at the center of which is a rectangle-shaped 22-yard long pitch.One team bats, trying to score as many runs as possible while the other team bowls and fields, trying to dismiss the batsmen and thus limit the runs scored by the batting team. A run is scored by the striking batsman hitting the ball with his bat, running to the opposite end of the pitch and touching the crease there without being dismissed. The teams switch between batting and fielding at the end of an innings.

In professional cricket the duration of a game ranges from 20 overs of six bowling deliveries per side to Test cricket played over five days.The Regulations of Cricket are managed by the Worldwide Cricket Authorities (ICC) and the Marylebone Cricket Team (MCC) with additional Conventional Enjoying Circumstances for Analyze suits and One Day Internationals.

Cricket was first performed in southeast Britain in the Sixteenth century.By the end of the 1700s, it had designed into the nationwide game of Britain. The development of the English Kingdom led to cricket being performed offshore and by the mid-19th millennium the first international suits were being organised. The ICC, the mission's regulating body, has 10 full members. The experience is most popular in Australasia, Britain, the Indian subcontinent, the West Indies and Southern Africa.

Format of the Game

A cricket match is divided into periods called innings.During an innings (innings finishes with "s" in both unique and dual form), one team fields and the other bats. The two teams switch between fielding and batting after each innings. All eleven members of the fielding team take the field, but only two members of the batting team (two batsmen) are on the field at any given time.

The two batsmen face each other at opposite ends of the pitch,each behind a line on the pitch known as a crease. The fielding team's eleven members stand outside the pitch, spread out across the field.

Behind each batsman is a target called a wicket. One designated member of the fielding team, called the bowler, is given a ball, and attempts to bowl the ball from one end of the pitch to the wicket behind the batsman on the other side of the pitch. The batsman tries to prevent the ball from hitting the wicket by striking the ball with a bat. If the bowler succeeds in hitting the wicket, or if the ball, after being struck by the batsman, is caught by the fielding team before it touches the ground, the batsman is dismissed. A dismissed batsman must leave the field, to be replaced by another batsman from the batting team.

If the batsman is successful in stunning the ball and the ball is not caught before it hits the ground, the two batsmen may then try to score points (runs) for their team by running across the pitch, grounding their bats behind each other's crease. Each crossing and grounding by both batsmen is worth one run. The batsmen may attempt one run, multiple runs, or elect not to run at all. By attempting runs, the batsmen risk dismissal, which can happen if the fielding team retrieves the ball and hits a wicket with the ball before either batsman reaches the opposite crease.

If the batsman hits the bowled ball over the field boundary without the ball touching the field, the batting team scores six runs and may not attempt more. If the ball touches the ground and then reaches the boundary, the batting team scores four runs and may not attempt more. When the batsmen have finished attempting their runs, the ball is returned to the bowler to be bowled again. The bowler continues to bowl toward the same wicket, regardless of any switch of the batsmen's positions.

After a bowler has bowled six times (an over), another member of the fielding team is designated as the new bowler. The new bowler bowls to the opposite wicket, and play continues. Fielding team members may bowl multiple times during an innings, but may not bowl two overs in succession. The innings is complete when 10 of the 11 members of the batting team have been dismissed, one always remaining "not out", or when a set number of overs has been played. The number of innings and the number of overs per innings vary depending on the match.

Playing surface

Cricket is performed on a grassy area.The Regulations of Cricket do not specify the size or shape of the area,but it is often square. In the centre of the field is a rectangular strip, known as the pitch.

The Cricket Pitch Dimensions

The pitch is a flat surface 10 feet (3.0 m) wide, with very short grass that tends to be worn away as the game progresses.[8] At either end of the pitch, 22 yards (20 m) apart, are placed wooden targets, known as the wickets. These serve as a target for the bowling (also known as the fielding) side and are defended by the batting side, which seeks to accumulate runs.

Stumps Bails and creases

Each wicket on the pitch includes three wood made stumps placed top to bottom, in range with one another. They are surmounted by two wood made crosspieces known as bails; the complete size of the wicket such as bails is 28.5 inches wide (720 mm) and the mixed size of the three stumps, such as little holes between them is 9 inches wide (230 mm).

Four lines,known as wrinkles, are coloured onto the pitch around the wicket places to figure out the batsman's "safe territory" and to figure out the restrict of the bowler's strategy. These are known as the "popping" (or batting) anti aging, the go-karting anti aging and two "return" wrinkles. The stumps are placed in line on the bowling creases and so these creases must be 22 yards (20 m) apart. A bowling crease is 8 feet 8 inches (2.64 m) long, with the middle stump placed dead centre. The popping crease has the same length, is parallel to the bowling crease and is 4 feet (1.2 m) in front of the wicket. The return creases are perpendicular to the other two; they are adjoined to the ends of the popping crease and are drawn through the ends of the bowling crease to a length of at least 8 feet (2.4 m).

When bowling the ball, the bowler's back foot in his "delivery stride" must land within the two return creases while at least some part of his front foot must land on or behind the popping crease. If the bowler breaks this rule, the umpire calls "No ball". The importance of the popping crease to the batsman is that it marks the limit of his safe territory. He can be dismissed stumped or run out (see Dismissals below) if the wicket is broken while he is "out of his ground".

Umpires and scorers

The game on the field is controlled by two umpires, one of whom appears behind the wicket at the bowler's end, the other in a place known as "square leg", a place 15–20 meters to the part of the "on strike" batsman. The part of the umpires is to adjudicate on . Umpires also decide on the suitability of the playing conditions and can interrupt or even abandon the match due to circumstances likely to endanger the players, such as a damp pitch or deterioration of the light.

Off the field and in televised matches, there is often a third umpire who can make choices on certain incidents with the aid of video evidence. The third umpire is compulsory under the playing conditions for Test matches and limited overs internationals played between two ICC full members. These matches also have a match referee whose job is to ensure that play is within the Laws of cricket and the spirit of the game.

The go with information, such as operates and dismissals, are documented by two formal scorers, one comprising each group. The scorers are instructed by the hand alerts of an umpire. For example, the umpire increases a index finger to indication that the batsman is out (has been dismissed); he increases both hands above his go if the batsman has hit the football for six operates. The scorers are needed by the Regulations of cricket to history all operates obtained, wickets taken and overs bowled; in exercise, they also observe a lot of extra information about the experience.

Innings

The innings (ending with 's' in both unique and dual form) is the phrase used collective performance of the batting side. Theoretically, all 11 members batting side take a turn to bat but, for various reasons, an innings can end before they all do so. Depending on the type of match being played, each team has one or two innings each.

The primary aim of the bowler, supported by his fielders, is to disregard the batsman. A batsman when ignored is said to be "out" and that indicates he must leave the field of play and be replaced by the next batsman on his team. When ten batsmen have been ignored (i.e., are out), then the whole group is ignored and the innings is over. The last batsman, the one who has not been ignored, is prohibited to proceed alone as there must always be two batsmen "in". This batsman is known as "not out".

An innings can end early for three reasons: because the batting side's captain has chosen to "declare" the innings closed (which is a tactical decision), or because the batting side has achieved its target and won the game, or because the game has ended prematurely due to bad weather or running out of time. In each of these cases the team's innings ends with two "not out" batsmen, unless the innings is declared closed at the fall of a wicket and the next batsman has not joined in the play. In limited overs cricket, there might be two batsmen still "not out" when the last of the allotted overs has been bowled.